Understanding the Byzantine Generals’ Problem
The Byzantine Generals’ Problem is a thought experiment exploring a fundamental question in computer science: Can consensus be achieved in a computer network of independent nodes distributed across different locations?
This problem was initially introduced in 1981 by SRI International Research Institute researchers.
Decentralized Consensus
The central question posed by this problem is which decision-making algorithm the generals should employ to devise a standard plan, regardless of the interference caused by the treacherous generals.
It also questions whether such an algorithm exists at all.
According to the researchers’ analysis, a viable system can be achieved, but it requires the number of loyal generals to exceed two-thirds of the total.
Navigating the Byzantine Generals’ Challenge
This problem is relevant to cryptocurrencies since they function as distributed computer systems.
Cryptocurrencies consist of independent nodes responsible for processing transactions and lack a central authority.
These nodes are akin to the “generals” in the Byzantine Generals’ Problem, who must agree on which transactions have occurred and when they took place.
Nodes in a cryptocurrency network can potentially provide inaccurate transaction data, intentionally or unintentionally, and it is crucial to resolve such discrepancies.
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) employ technical solutions, such as the proof-of-work and proof-of-stake algorithms, to address this problem.