Understanding Agency Theory
Agency theory describes the interactions and relationships between principals and agents within a business environment.
It aims to address and resolve conflicts between shareholders (principals) and company leaders.
The relationship between principals and agents is interdependent, meaning the actions of one party can have consequences for the other.
Agency theory guides managing corporate interactions to minimize potential conflicts between principals and agents.
Solving the Agency Problem
In organizational settings, the agency problem refers to motivating agents (including employees) to act in the organization’s best interests rather than their self-interest.
Here are some approaches to address the agency problem:
- Profit sharing and performance-related pay: Internal agents, such as employees, can be incentivized to overcome the agency problem through profit sharing and performance-related pay. Agents are encouraged to work towards the company’s goals by linking rewards to achieving business objectives.
- Clear contractual agreements: When dealing with external agents, such as consultants or contractors, straightforward language and contract instructions can help mitigate the agency problem. Defining the scope of the agent‘s authority and aligning remuneration with specific tasks or outcomes can align interests and reduce conflicts.
By understanding and applying agency theory, businesses can establish structures and incentives that promote the alignment of interests between principals and agents, reducing conflicts and improving overall performance.